Background: Dietary glucose improves memory performance in several adult populations, however, there are no comparative studies of commonly consumed sugars on memory performance in children.Objectives: The objective was to compare the effect of glucose, sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup-55 (HFCS) solutions on Immediate and delayed word list recall in 9 to 14 year-old normal weight boys.Patients and Methods: In a repeated measures design, 15 normal weight boys received, in random order, preloads (200 kcal/250 mL) of glucose, sucrose, HFCS, or non-caloric sucralose control. The boys were presented with a 15 item word list to memorize 15 minutes after ingestion of the preloads and asked to recall the words Immediately after, and at 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes.Results: There were no significant differences among the glucose, sucrose and HFCS preloads on word list recall compared with the non-caloric sucralose control at any of the time points. However, word list recall was highest at 15 minutes, and decreased over time to 90 minutes after all preloads (P<0.0001).Conclusions: Sugars in solutions do not differ in their effects on word list memory recall compared with a non-caloric sucralose control in 9 to 14 year-old normal weight boys.

The present research aims at determining whether using video-treated pre-task and post-task instructions affect Immediate vocabulary recall directly. To this purpose, one hundred and twelve Iranian EFL learners were selected through the convenience sampling method. Based on the OPT scale, ninety of the participants were chosen and put into three groups of pre-task, post-task, and control. After piloting seventy-seven multiple-choice vocabulary questions, the researcher used a fifty-item multiple-choice as the pre-test and a five-item multiple-choice as the post-test. The treatment took ten sessions. Repeated Measure ANOVA, t-Test procedure, and ANCOVA procedure were run to analyze the data. The result showed that there was an important difference between the performances of the groups regarding their Immediate vocabulary recall in the post-test. The learners recalled the vocabularies better in the pre-task and post-task groups compared to the control group. Also, the post-task group outdid the pretask group. Therefore, video-treated post-task instruction improves learners' Immediate vocabulary recall significantly.

Background and Aim: It is believed that a period of healing, approximately 3-4 months for mandible and 4-6 months for maxilla, are required to ensure osseointegration. Recently, a new method called Immediate loading of implants have been proposed. This method provides improved stability of the implant by the Immediate support of an iterim prosthesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the success rate of the Immediate loading single OPILS dental implants.Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine patients, including 26 females and 13 males, at the minimum age of 18 and maximum age of 54 years old, received 48 OPILS dental implants. In this prospective study, all samples were non-smoking, without any systemic disease or psychological problem. In all cases, and acrylic prefabricated crown was placed Immediately after implant surgery. The definitive metal-ceramic crown was placed 2.5 months later in mandible and 5.5 months later in maxillae. Lack of pain, pus, implant immobility and less than 1mm bone loss were criteria of success.Results: The oral hygiene of females were better than males, 26 women had plaque index (0) and 11 of them had plaque index (1) where as out of 13 male subjects, 4 had plaque index (0), 6 had plaque index (2) and (3) had plaque index (3). The mean vertical bone loss, on mesial and distal parts, were less than 1mm, with the min. of 0 and max. of 0.4mm and the average of 0.2mm. All implants pass the defined criteria of success.Conclusion: On the basis of this short-term study, in single tooth cases, OPILS implants of Neo-Dent system can be loaded Immediately.

Background & Aim: Low birth weight (LBW) is a strong predictor of an individual baby's survival. LBW is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as weight at birth of less than 2500 g. The current study aimed to study the pattern of the reporting system of birth weight in India and examine the heaping at certain digits, assess the agreement between actual birth weight and birth weight reported based on recall, and identify key determinants of birth weight reporting in India.Methods & Materials: The National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) data was used for the present study. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated to assess the magnitude of the misclassification bias. In addition, univariate and multivariable analyses were also analyzed. Chi-square test was used to detect the associations and Cohen's kappa statistic was used for agreement between categories of birth weights and birth sizes.Results: Mothers’ recalled assessment of baby’s size as small or normal were in agreement with the categories of birth weight as LBW or normal weight (K=0.46, P<0.050). The value of Kappa statistic indicated a moderate agreement between recalled birth size and recorded birth weight.Conclusion: Due to this poor reporting system prevalent in the country, the actual prevalence of LBW can get affected. Method of reporting can also affect the actual scenario of the LBW due to hypothetical or memory recall base birth size.

Background & Objective: Sellick's maneuver is a routinely used technique for the prevention of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents during anesthesia. The rationale for the application of cricoid pressure necessitates that it is applied at the loss of consciousness during rapid sequence induction. Cricoid pressure therefore, may be fully applied at a level of anesthesia where awareness, and possibly recall, of the: maneuver occurs.Materials & Methods: This study was setup to determine the frequency of awareness and recall Sellick's maneuver following 100 patients (ASA I, II) who candidates for lower extremity surgery were randomly enrolled in this prospective study. After induction of anesthesia and application of cricoids pressure, symptoms of awareness and recall were recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and Spearman correlation.Results: The frequency of awareness and recall were 45% and 16%respectively.The frequency distribution of awareness severity based on grade 1, 2 and 3 were 16%, 6% and 1% respectively. The frequency distribution of recall severity based on mild, moderate and sever were 15%, zero and 1% respectively. The correlation between awareness severity and recall severity was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Due to high frequency of awareness and recall following Sellick's maneuver and its complications, it is available to revise the procedure of this maneuver and in particular the accurte time in its application.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the types of memory problems in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (checking, washing and mixing) in terms of recognition memory and recall. Methods: 45 patients with obsessive-compulsive (15 checking and 15 washing and 15 combined) and 30 formed the control group (n = 15 as generalized anxiety disorder, and 15 normal subjects) were selected. Control groups in terms of demographic variables with groups checking, washing and mixing are matched. In terms of thoughts and actions obsessive-compulsive using the scale Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), Yale-Brown and psychiatric interview were evaluated. In this study, subjects' memory two word lists (recalling list and browse using sign recognition) that utilizes computers were provided was examined. Results: Patients with obsessive-compulsive in terms of recognition memory and reminder using symptoms compared with normal control group, a significant difference. Conclusion: Memory problems in patients with obsessive-compulsive psychological theories, particularly in the context of cognitive-behavioral therapy seems to be explained and patients generally suffer from memory impairment.

Background and Objective: Cementation of indirect restorations with resin cements does not always provide better bonding performance to dentin when compared with direct dentin bonding systems. Immediate dentin sealing was introduced to overcome this problem with some successful reports. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Immediate dentin sealing on shear bond strength of resin to dentin.Materials and Methods: In this study, 66 human third molars were randomly divided in three equal groups: 1- Bonding composite blocks with dual cured RelyX ARC cement to dentin without pretreatment. 2- Bonding composite blocks with dual cured Rely XARC cement to Immediately sealed dentin with single bond and 3- Bonding composite blocks with dual cured Rely X ARC cement to Immediately sealed dentin with single bond and a flowable composite. Shear bond strengths were measured with a universal testing machine. Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests.Results: Means and standard deviations of tensile bond strengths were as follows: group 1:8.55±3.18, group 2: 6.67±2.21 and group 3: 14.07±5.02. The differences in shear bond strength between groups were different significantly only when group 3 was compared with groups 1 and 2 (P=0.000).Conclusion: Immediate dentin sealing with dentin bonding had no effect on bond strength. Use of flowable composite in combination with single bond improved bond strength.